In Situ hybridization and light and electron microscopes of cervical squamous cell carcinoma infected with human Papillomavirus

Aim of the work-In Egypt cervical carcinoma is ranked as a number 6 of all malignant tumors. There is growing evidence that the human papillomavirus [HPV] is associated with the development of cervical cancer

Patients and Methods-The present study hunted HPV in Egyptian biopsies of cervical cancer by using in situ hybridization [ISH] technique .Light microscopy and ultra-structural features accompanied by squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] of the cervix were monitored

Results-The ultra structural study revealed viral particles in some epithelial cell nuclei and cytoplasm in the moderately-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. These were suggested to be Herpes Simplex Virus [HSV]

Conclusion-The potential relation between HPV and HSV in the incidence of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma is discussed

Evaluation of the immune response in patients with chronic HCV infection

The imbalance in the cytokine production by the hepatitis C viral [HCV] infection might contribute to the chronicity of liver inflammation with subsequent progression to hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. The current study was performed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of HCV infection of normal donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC] as well as in patients with chronic HCV infection and patients. The study included 363 subjects [group 1] with chronic liver disease and 40 healthy control subjects [group 2]. Of group 1, three hundred and thirty seven patients were HCV Ab positive as was measured by HCV enzyme immunoassay [EIA] version 3.0. Only 250 patients had HCV RNA in their sera as evidenced by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. Of the PCR positive patients, sixty-eight patients were further as a representative subgroup, 68 HCV RNA positive patients were subjected to HCV subjected to quantitative branched DNA assay, 12 patients had high viremia, 33 had moderate viremia and 23 had low viremia. All patients were subjected to lL-4, IL-1Beta, and TNF-alpha estimation by ELISA viremia. All subjects were subjected to IL-4, lL-1Beta, and TNF-alpha estimation by EIA. Group 1 showed a significant increase in serum levels of TNF-alpha, lL-4 and ALT, and lowered levels of IL-1Beta and albumin compared to Group 2. Within group 1, HCV RNA positive patients demonstrated increased levels of lL-4 and ALT, and decreased levels of IL-1Beta and albumin compared to Nov RNA negative patients. TNF-alpha levels showed insignificant change among between both subgroups. Treatment of phytohaemaggiutinin [PHA]-stimulated normal donor-PBMC with pelleted virus led to decrease in their rate of proliferation [as determined by H3. Thymidine uptake] in a dose response manner. This response was partaliy reversed after addition of HCV RNA positive patients’ sera. To conclude, HCV infection leads to imbalance of cytokine release with predominance of Th2 cytokines over Th1, which was evident from the increased levels of IL-4, and the decreased levels of lL-1beta in patients' sera infected with HCV

P53 tumor suppressor gene evaluation in ovarian cancer by DGGE based mutation scanning

Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in western countries. This cancer results from a succession of genetic alterations involving oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which have a critical role in normal cell growth regulations. Forty-nine patients were studied for p53 mutations detection using combination of PCR amplification and DGGE which allows comprehensive mutation scanning for exons [5-8], mutation were confirmed by DNA gene sequencing. From 49 cases 5 cases showed mutation [10.2%] 3 mutations were detected in exon 6, one in exon 8, one in exon 5 [3] and all were point mutations. Of total mutations detected four were serous adenocarcinoma [4/24] [16.7%] and one was undifferentiated carcinoma. Detection of gene mutations by DGGE has proved to be a very accurate strategy

Management of recurrent malignant glimoa and prognostic value of mutant P 53

Thirty cases of malignant recurrent glioma were operated on and received radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The expression of p53 in these cases was estimated. Prognostic covariates including p53 were analyzed to evaluate their predictive prognostic values. The results showed that a repeated excision of malignant glioma, even in patients who received radiation with or without chemotherapy, can improve the survival rate and quality of life, only to the extent offered by the degree of surgical debulking. There is a positive correlation between mutant p53 and poor survival in patients with recurrent glioma

immunological study of certain tumour markers in breast cancer

One of significant recent advances in cancer diagnosis is the discovery of several soluble tumor associated substances which can be assessed in patients serum. The serum level of carcinoembryonic [CEA] alpha-acid glycoprotein [AG], and complement 3 [C3] are changed following breast carcinoma and such change can be used as a screening test for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The present study included 40 patients with breast disease. They were classified into 2 subgroups; one of them included 20 patients with cancer breast and the other 20 patients with benign tumor. The control group included 20 apparently healthy females of the same age group. CEA was determined in the serum of all cases by enzyme immuno-assay [ELISA]. Ag and C3 were determined by using radial immuno-diffusion technique. Serum CEA, AG and C3 determination in cancer breast showed a significant increase than that of benign lesions and controls. No significant difference was detected in the serum level of AG and C3 between the benign breast lesions and controls, however significant difference was detected in serum CEA level between benign lesions and controls. It is tempting to postulate that serum levels of CEA, AG and C3 may be used as biological markers for diagnosis of breast cancer

Evaluation of adjustable suture techniques in strabismus surgery

Thirty cases of horizontal concomitant strabismus have undergone correction with the adjustable suture techniques; fifteen of them with a limbal approach method and the other fifteen with a culde-sac approach. Evaluation of the adjustable strabismus surgery techniques and added modifications as well as comparison between both approaches have been made

Beta radiation in management of Bowen's disease

Two cases of Bowen's disease [carcinoma in situ or intraepithelial epithelioma] were reported. Beta radiation as an armament to prevent recurrence has been applied

Effect of beta radiation on the I.O.P.

Beta radiation of the eye by using an ophthalmic Strontium-90 beta ray applicator type SIA-20 gives changes in the I.O.P. through its effect on the ciliary body. The change in the I.O.P. depends upon the degree of damage of ciliary body. It was found to be directly proportional to the intensity of the B-rays i.e. the higher the dose, the greater the damage with the consequent reduction in the I.O.P